//
// This unit is part of the GLScene Project, http://glscene.org
//
{ : GLBSP<p>

  Binary Space Partion mesh support for GLScene.<p>

  The classes of this unit are designed to operate within a TGLBaseMesh.<p>

  <b>Historique : </b><font size=-1><ul>
  <li>04/11/10 - DaStr - Restored Delphi5 and Delphi6 compatibility
  <li>22/06/08 - DaStr - Fixups after converting TMeshObject.LightMapTexCoords
  to TAffineVectorList (thanks Ast) (Bugtracker ID = 2000089)
  <li>06/06/07 - DaStr - Added GLColor to uses (BugtrackerID = 1732211)
  <li>31/03/07 - DaStr - Added $I GLScene.inc
  <li>14/03/07 - DaStr - Added explicit pointer dereferencing
  (thanks Burkhard Carstens) (Bugtracker ID = 1678644)
  <li>07/03/03 - EG - T-junctions now properly supported and repaired
  <li>05/03/03 - EG - Preliminary BSP splitting support
  <li>31/01/03 - EG - Materials support, added CleanupUnusedNodes,
  MaterialCache support
  <li>30/01/03 - EG - Creation
  </ul></font>
}
unit GLBSP;

interface

{$I GLScene.inc}

uses Classes, GLVectorFileObjects, GLMaterial, GLCrossPlatform, VectorGeometry,
  VectorLists, GLColor, GLRenderContextInfo;

type

  TBSPCullingSphere = record
    position: TVector;
    radius: Single;
  end;

  // TBSPRenderContextInfo
  //
  TBSPRenderContextInfo = record
    // : Local coordinates of the camera (can be a vector or point)
    cameraLocal: TVector;
    rci: PRenderContextInfo;
    faceGroups: TList;
    cullingSpheres: array of TBSPCullingSphere;
  end;

  // TBSPRenderSort
  //
  TBSPRenderSort = (rsNone, rsBackToFront, rsFrontToBack);

  // TBSPNodeVisibility
  //
  TBSPClusterVisibility = class
  private
    { Private Declarations }
    FData: PByteArray;
    FSize, FBytesPerCluster, FCount: Integer;

  protected
    { Protected Declarations }
    procedure SetCount(NumClusters: Integer);
    function GetVisibility(Source, Destination: Integer): Boolean;
    procedure SetVisibility(Source, Destination: Integer; const Value: Boolean);

  public
    { Public Declarations }
    constructor Create;
    destructor Destroy; override;

    procedure SetData(Source: PByte; NumClusters: Integer);

    property Count: Integer read FCount write SetCount;
    property Visibility[src, dst: Integer]: Boolean read GetVisibility
      write SetVisibility;

  end;

  TFGBSPNode = class;

  // TBSPMeshObject
  //
  { : A BSP mesh object.<p>
    Stores the geometry information, BSP rendering options and offers some
    basic BSP utility methods. Geometry information is indexed in the facegroups,
    the 1st facegroup (of index 0) being the root node of the BSP tree. }
  TBSPMeshObject = class(TMeshObject)
  private
    { Private Declarations }
    FRenderSort: TBSPRenderSort;
    FClusterVisibility: TBSPClusterVisibility;
    FUseClusterVisibility: Boolean;

  protected
    { Protected Declarations }

  public
    { Public Declarations }
    constructor CreateOwned(AOwner: TMeshObjectList);
    destructor Destroy; override;

    procedure BuildList(var mrci: TRenderContextInfo); override;

    { : Drops all unused nodes from the facegroups list.<p>
      An unused node is a node that renders nothing and whose children
      render nothing. Indices are remapped in the process. }
    procedure CleanupUnusedNodes;
    { : Returns the average BSP tree depth of end nodes.<br>
      Sums up the depth each end node (starting at 1 for root node),
      divides by the number of end nodes. This is a simple estimator
      of tree balancing (structurally speaking, not polygon-wise). }
    function AverageDepth: Single;

    { : Traverses the tree to the given point and returns the node index. }
    function FindNodeByPoint(aPoint: TVector): TFGBSPNode;

    { : Rendering sort mode.<p>
      This sort mode can currently *not* blend with the sort by materials
      flag, default mode is rsBackToFront.<br>
      Note that in rsNone mode, the hierarchical nature of the tree is
      still honoured (positive subnode, self, then negative subnode). }
    property RenderSort: TBSPRenderSort read FRenderSort write FRenderSort;

    { : Cluster visibility.<p>
      A property for defining node cluster-cluster visibility potential. }
    property ClusterVisibility: TBSPClusterVisibility read FClusterVisibility;

    { : Use cluster visibility.<p>
      Toggles the use of the visibility set for culling clusters of nodes
      when rendering. }
    property UseClusterVisibility: Boolean read FUseClusterVisibility
      write FUseClusterVisibility;
  end;

  // TFGBSPNode
  //
  { : A node in the BSP tree.<p>
    The description does not explicitly differentiates nodes and leafs,
    nodes are referred by their index. }
  TFGBSPNode = class(TFGVertexIndexList)
  private
    { Private Declarations }
    FSplitPlane: THmgPlane;
    FPositiveSubNodeIndex: Integer;
    FNegativeSubNodeIndex: Integer;
    FCluster: Integer;

  protected
    { Protected Declarations }
    function AddLerp(iA, iB: Integer; fB, fA: Single): Integer;
    function AddLerpIfDistinct(iA, iB, iMid: Integer): Integer;

  public
    { Public Declarations }
    constructor CreateOwned(AOwner: TFaceGroups); override;
    destructor Destroy; override;

    procedure IsCulled(const bsprci: TBSPRenderContextInfo;
      var positive, negative: Boolean);
    procedure CollectNoSort(var bsprci: TBSPRenderContextInfo);
    procedure CollectFrontToBack(var bsprci: TBSPRenderContextInfo);
    procedure CollectBackToFront(var bsprci: TBSPRenderContextInfo);

    { : Try to find a 'decent' split plane for the node.<p>
      Use this function to build a BSP tree, on leafy nodes. The split
      plane is chosen among the polygon planes, the coefficient are used
      to determine what a 'good' split plane is by assigning a cost
      to splitted triangles (cut by the split plane) and tree imbalance. }
    function FindSplitPlane(triangleSplitCost: Single = 1;
      triangleImbalanceCost: Single = 0.5): THmgPlane;
    { : Evaluates a split plane.<p>
      Used by FindSplitPlane. For splitted triangles, the extra spawned
      triangles required are accounted for in the nbXxxTriangles values. }
    procedure EvaluateSplitPlane(const splitPlane: THmgPlane;
      var nbTriangleSplit: Integer; var nbPositiveTriangles: Integer;
      var nbNegativeTriangles: Integer);
    { : Splits a leafy node along the specified plane.<p>
      Will trigger an exception if the node already has subnodes. Currently
      also changes the mode from strips/fan to list. }
    procedure PerformSplit(const splitPlane: THmgPlane;
      const maxTrianglesPerLeaf: Integer = MaxInt);
    { : Goes through all triangle edges, looking for tjunctions.<p>
      The candidates are indices of points to lookup a tjunction vertices. }
    procedure FixTJunctions(const tJunctionsCandidates: TIntegerList);

    { : BSP node split plane.<p>
      Divides space between positive and negative half-space, positive
      half-space being the one were the evaluation of an homogeneous
      vector against the plane is positive. }
    property splitPlane: THmgPlane read FSplitPlane write FSplitPlane;
    { : Index of the positive sub-node index in the list.<p>
      Zero if empty. }
    property PositiveSubNodeIndex: Integer read FPositiveSubNodeIndex
      write FPositiveSubNodeIndex;
    { : Index of the negative sub-node index in the list.<p>
      Zero if empty. }
    property NegativeSubNodeIndex: Integer read FNegativeSubNodeIndex
      write FNegativeSubNodeIndex;
    { : The index of the cluster that this node belongs to.
      Used for visibility determination. }
    property Cluster: Integer read FCluster write FCluster;
  end;

  // ------------------------------------------------------------------
  // ------------------------------------------------------------------
  // ------------------------------------------------------------------
implementation

// ------------------------------------------------------------------
// ------------------------------------------------------------------
// ------------------------------------------------------------------

uses SysUtils, VectorTypes;

const
  cOwnTriangleEpsilon = 1E-5;
  cTJunctionEpsilon = 1E-4;

  // ------------------
  // ------------------ TBSPClusterVisibility ------------------
  // ------------------

  // Create
  //
constructor TBSPClusterVisibility.Create;
begin
  inherited;
end;

// Destroy
//
destructor TBSPClusterVisibility.Destroy;
begin
  if Assigned(FData) then
    Dispose(FData);
  inherited;
end;

// SetCount
//
procedure TBSPClusterVisibility.SetCount(NumClusters: Integer);
var
  NewSize: Integer;
  NewData: PByteArray;
begin
  if FCount = NumClusters then
    Exit;
  FCount := NumClusters;
  FBytesPerCluster := (NumClusters div 8 + 2);
  NewSize := NumClusters * FBytesPerCluster;
  if NewSize <> FSize then
  begin
    if NewSize > 0 then
    begin
      GetMem(NewData, NewSize);
      if Assigned(FData) then
      begin
        Move(FData[0], NewData[0], FSize);
        Dispose(FData);
      end;
      FData := @NewData^;
    end
    else
    begin
      if Assigned(FData) then
      begin
        Dispose(FData);
        FData := nil;
      end;
    end;
    FSize := NewSize;
  end;
end;

// GetVisibility
//
function TBSPClusterVisibility.GetVisibility(Source,
  Destination: Integer): Boolean;
var
  ByteIdx, BitIdx: Integer;
begin
  Assert((Source < Count) and (Destination < Count) and (Source >= 0) and
    (Destination >= 0), 'Node index out of bounds!');
  ByteIdx := Source * FBytesPerCluster + Destination div 8;
  BitIdx := Destination mod 8;
  Result := (FData^[ByteIdx] and (1 shl BitIdx)) > 0;
end;

// SetVisibility
//
procedure TBSPClusterVisibility.SetVisibility(Source, Destination: Integer;
  const Value: Boolean);
var
  ByteIdx, BitIdx: Integer;
begin
  Assert((Source < Count) and (Destination < Count) and (Source >= 0) and
    (Destination >= 0), 'Node index out of bounds!');
  ByteIdx := Source * FBytesPerCluster + Destination div 8;
  BitIdx := Destination mod 8;
  if Value then
    FData^[ByteIdx] := FData^[ByteIdx] or (1 shl BitIdx)
  else
    FData^[ByteIdx] := FData^[ByteIdx] and not(1 shl BitIdx);
end;

procedure TBSPClusterVisibility.SetData(Source: PByte; NumClusters: Integer);
begin
  Count := NumClusters;
  Move(Source^, FData[0], FSize);
end;


// ------------------
// ------------------ TBSPMeshObject ------------------
// ------------------

// CreateOwned
//
constructor TBSPMeshObject.CreateOwned(AOwner: TMeshObjectList);
begin
  inherited;
  Mode := momFaceGroups;
  RenderSort := rsBackToFront;
  FClusterVisibility := TBSPClusterVisibility.Create;
  FUseClusterVisibility := False;
end;

// Destroy
//
destructor TBSPMeshObject.Destroy;
begin
  FClusterVisibility.Free;
  inherited;
end;

// BuildList
//
procedure TBSPMeshObject.BuildList(var mrci: TRenderContextInfo);
var
  i, j, k, n, camCluster: Integer;
  bsprci: TBSPRenderContextInfo;
  libMat: TGLLibMaterial;
  faceGroupList: TList;
  bspNodeList: PPointerList;
  renderNode: Boolean;
  camNode: TFGBSPNode;

  procedure AbsoluteSphereToLocal(const absPos: TVector; absRadius: Single;
    var local: TBSPCullingSphere);
  var
    v: TVector;
  begin
    local.position := Owner.Owner.AbsoluteToLocal(absPos);
    SetVector(v, absRadius, absRadius, absRadius, 0);
    v := Owner.Owner.AbsoluteToLocal(v);
    local.radius := MaxFloat(v.V);
  end;

begin
  if Mode <> momFaceGroups then
  begin
    inherited BuildList(mrci);
    Exit;
  end;
  // render BSP
  if faceGroups.Count > 0 then
  begin
    bsprci.cameraLocal := Owner.Owner.AbsoluteToLocal(mrci.cameraPosition);
    SetLength(bsprci.cullingSpheres, 2);

    AbsoluteSphereToLocal(mrci.cameraPosition, 1, bsprci.cullingSpheres[0]);
    AbsoluteSphereToLocal(VectorCombine(mrci.cameraPosition,
      mrci.rcci.clippingDirection, 1, mrci.rcci.farClippingDistance),
      mrci.rcci.viewPortRadius * mrci.rcci.farClippingDistance,
      bsprci.cullingSpheres[1]);

    bsprci.rci := @mrci;
    faceGroupList := TList.Create;
    try
      bsprci.faceGroups := faceGroupList;
      bsprci.faceGroups.Capacity := faceGroups.Count div 2;
      // collect all facegroups
      case RenderSort of
        rsNone:
          (faceGroups[0] as TFGBSPNode).CollectNoSort(bsprci);
        rsBackToFront:
          (faceGroups[0] as TFGBSPNode).CollectBackToFront(bsprci);
        rsFrontToBack:
          (faceGroups[0] as TFGBSPNode).CollectFrontToBack(bsprci);
      else
        Assert(False);
      end;
      camCluster := 0;
      camNode := nil;
      if UseClusterVisibility then
      begin
        camNode := FindNodeByPoint
          (Owner.Owner.AbsoluteToLocal(mrci.cameraPosition));
        if Assigned(camNode) then
          camCluster := camNode.Cluster;
      end;
      // render facegroups
      bspNodeList :=
{$IFDEF GLS_DELPHI_XE2_UP}
        @faceGroupList.List[0];
{$ELSE}
        faceGroupList.List;
{$ENDIF}
      n := bsprci.faceGroups.Count;
      i := 0;
      j := 0;
      while i < n do
      begin
        if UseClusterVisibility and Assigned(camNode) then
          renderNode := ClusterVisibility.Visibility[camCluster,
            TFGBSPNode(bspNodeList^[i]).Cluster]
        else
          renderNode := True;
        if renderNode then
          with TFGBSPNode(bspNodeList^[i]) do
          begin
            libMat := MaterialCache;
            if Assigned(libMat) then
            begin
              j := i + 1;
              while (j < n) and
                (TFGBSPNode(bspNodeList^[j]).MaterialCache = libMat) do
                Inc(j);
              libMat.Apply(mrci);
              repeat
                for k := i to j - 1 do
                  TFGBSPNode(bspNodeList^[k]).BuildList(mrci);
              until not libMat.UnApply(mrci);
            end
            else
            begin
              j := i;
              while (j < n) and
                (TFGBSPNode(bspNodeList^[j]).MaterialCache = nil) do
              begin
                TFGBSPNode(bspNodeList^[j]).BuildList(mrci);
                Inc(j);
              end;
            end;
          end;
        i := j;
      end;
    finally
      faceGroupList.Free;
    end;
  end;
  DisableOpenGLArrays(mrci);
end;

// CleanupUnusedNodes
//
procedure TBSPMeshObject.CleanupUnusedNodes;
var
  i, j, n: Integer;
  nodeParents: array of Integer;
  remapIndex: array of Integer;
  indicesToCheck: TIntegerList;
  node: TFGBSPNode;
begin
  n := faceGroups.Count;
  if n = 0 then
    Exit;
  SetLength(nodeParents, n);
  indicesToCheck := TIntegerList.Create;
  try
    // build nodes parent information
    FillChar(nodeParents[0], SizeOf(Integer) * n, 255);
    for i := 0 to n - 1 do
      with TFGBSPNode(faceGroups[i]) do
      begin
        if PositiveSubNodeIndex > 0 then
          nodeParents[PositiveSubNodeIndex] := i;
        if NegativeSubNodeIndex > 0 then
          nodeParents[NegativeSubNodeIndex] := i;
      end;
    // now proceed to deleting all the unused nodes
    indicesToCheck.AddSerie(n - 1, -1, n);
    while indicesToCheck.Count > 0 do
    begin
      i := indicesToCheck.Pop;
      node := TFGBSPNode(faceGroups[i]);
      if Assigned(node) then
      begin
        if node.PositiveSubNodeIndex > 0 then
        begin
          if TFGBSPNode(faceGroups[node.PositiveSubNodeIndex]) = nil then
            node.PositiveSubNodeIndex := 0;
        end;
        if node.NegativeSubNodeIndex > 0 then
        begin
          if TFGBSPNode(faceGroups[node.NegativeSubNodeIndex]) = nil then
            node.NegativeSubNodeIndex := 0;
        end;
        if (node.PositiveSubNodeIndex <= 0) and (node.NegativeSubNodeIndex <= 0)
        then
        begin
          if node.VertexIndices.Count = 0 then
          begin
            if nodeParents[i] >= 0 then
              indicesToCheck.Push(nodeParents[i]);
            faceGroups.List^[i] := nil;
            node.Owner := nil;
            node.Free;
          end;
        end;
      end;
    end;
    // build a remap index
    SetLength(remapIndex, n);
    j := 0;
    for i := 0 to n - 1 do
    begin
      remapIndex[i] := j;
      if faceGroups[i] <> nil then
        Inc(j);
    end;
    // apply remap index
    for i := 0 to n - 1 do
    begin
      node := TFGBSPNode(faceGroups[i]);
      if Assigned(node) then
      begin
        node.PositiveSubNodeIndex := remapIndex[node.PositiveSubNodeIndex];
        node.NegativeSubNodeIndex := remapIndex[node.NegativeSubNodeIndex];
      end;
    end;
    // and pack then FaceGroups, done, pfew!! The things we do to remain fast...
    faceGroups.Pack;
  finally
    indicesToCheck.Free;
  end;
end;

// AverageDepth
//
function TBSPMeshObject.AverageDepth: Single;
var
  depthSum, endNodesCount: Integer;

  procedure RecurseEstimate(nodeIdx, depth: Integer);
  var
    node: TFGBSPNode;
  begin
    node := TFGBSPNode(faceGroups[nodeIdx]);
    if node.PositiveSubNodeIndex > 0 then
    begin
      RecurseEstimate(node.PositiveSubNodeIndex, depth + 1);
      if node.NegativeSubNodeIndex > 0 then
        RecurseEstimate(node.NegativeSubNodeIndex, depth + 1);
    end
    else if node.NegativeSubNodeIndex > 0 then
      RecurseEstimate(node.NegativeSubNodeIndex, depth + 1)
    else
    begin
      Inc(depthSum, depth);
      Inc(endNodesCount);
    end;
  end;

begin
  if faceGroups.Count = 0 then
    Result := 1
  else
  begin
    depthSum := 0;
    endNodesCount := 0;
    RecurseEstimate(0, 1);
    Assert(endNodesCount > 0);
    Result := depthSum / endNodesCount;
  end;
end;

// FindNodeByPoint
//
function TBSPMeshObject.FindNodeByPoint(aPoint: TVector): TFGBSPNode;

  function Traverse(nodeIndex: Integer): Integer;
  var
    idx: Integer;
    node: TFGBSPNode;
    eval: Single;
  begin
    node := TFGBSPNode(faceGroups[nodeIndex]);
    if node.VertexIndices.Count > 0 then
      Result := nodeIndex
    else
    begin
      eval := node.splitPlane.V[0] * aPoint.V[0] +
              node.splitPlane.V[1] * aPoint.V[1] +
              node.splitPlane.V[2] * aPoint.V[2] -
              node.splitPlane.V[3];
      if eval >= 0 then
        idx := node.PositiveSubNodeIndex
      else
        idx := node.NegativeSubNodeIndex;
      if idx > 0 then
        Result := Traverse(idx)
      else
        Result := -1;
    end;
  end;

var
  idx: Integer;
begin
  Result := nil;
  idx := -1;
  if faceGroups.Count > 0 then
    idx := Traverse(0);
  if idx >= 0 then
    Result := TFGBSPNode(faceGroups[idx]);
end;


// ------------------
// ------------------ TFGBSPNode ------------------
// ------------------

// CreateOwned
//
constructor TFGBSPNode.CreateOwned(AOwner: TFaceGroups);
begin
  inherited;
  FPositiveSubNodeIndex := 0;
  FNegativeSubNodeIndex := 0;
end;

// Destroy
//
destructor TFGBSPNode.Destroy;
begin
  inherited;
end;

// IsCulled
//
procedure TFGBSPNode.IsCulled(const bsprci: TBSPRenderContextInfo;
  var positive, negative: Boolean);
var
  i, n: Integer;
  d: Single;
begin
  n := Length(bsprci.cullingSpheres);
  if n > 0 then
  begin
    positive := True;
    negative := True;
    for i := 0 to n - 1 do
      with bsprci.cullingSpheres[i] do
      begin
        d := PlaneEvaluatePoint(splitPlane, position);
        if d >= -radius then
          positive := False;
        if d <= radius then
          negative := False;
      end;
  end
  else
  begin
    positive := False;
    negative := False;
  end;
end;

// CollectNoSort
//
procedure TFGBSPNode.CollectNoSort(var bsprci: TBSPRenderContextInfo);
begin
  if (PositiveSubNodeIndex > 0) then
    TFGBSPNode(Owner[PositiveSubNodeIndex]).CollectNoSort(bsprci);
  if VertexIndices.Count > 0 then
    bsprci.faceGroups.Add(Self);
  if (NegativeSubNodeIndex > 0) then
    TFGBSPNode(Owner[NegativeSubNodeIndex]).CollectNoSort(bsprci);
end;

// CollectFrontToBack
//
procedure TFGBSPNode.CollectFrontToBack(var bsprci: TBSPRenderContextInfo);
begin
  if PlaneEvaluatePoint(splitPlane, bsprci.cameraLocal) >= 0 then
  begin
    if PositiveSubNodeIndex > 0 then
      TFGBSPNode(Owner[PositiveSubNodeIndex]).CollectFrontToBack(bsprci);
    if VertexIndices.Count > 0 then
      bsprci.faceGroups.Add(Self);
    if NegativeSubNodeIndex > 0 then
      TFGBSPNode(Owner[NegativeSubNodeIndex]).CollectFrontToBack(bsprci);
  end
  else
  begin
    if NegativeSubNodeIndex > 0 then
      TFGBSPNode(Owner[NegativeSubNodeIndex]).CollectFrontToBack(bsprci);
    if VertexIndices.Count > 0 then
      bsprci.faceGroups.Add(Self);
    if PositiveSubNodeIndex > 0 then
      TFGBSPNode(Owner[PositiveSubNodeIndex]).CollectFrontToBack(bsprci);
  end;
end;

// CollectBackToFront
//
procedure TFGBSPNode.CollectBackToFront(var bsprci: TBSPRenderContextInfo);
begin
  if PlaneEvaluatePoint(splitPlane, bsprci.cameraLocal) >= 0 then
  begin
    if NegativeSubNodeIndex > 0 then
      TFGBSPNode(Owner[NegativeSubNodeIndex]).CollectBackToFront(bsprci);
    if VertexIndices.Count > 0 then
      bsprci.faceGroups.Add(Self);
    if PositiveSubNodeIndex > 0 then
      TFGBSPNode(Owner[PositiveSubNodeIndex]).CollectBackToFront(bsprci);
  end
  else
  begin
    if PositiveSubNodeIndex > 0 then
      TFGBSPNode(Owner[PositiveSubNodeIndex]).CollectBackToFront(bsprci);
    if VertexIndices.Count > 0 then
      bsprci.faceGroups.Add(Self);
    if NegativeSubNodeIndex > 0 then
      TFGBSPNode(Owner[NegativeSubNodeIndex]).CollectBackToFront(bsprci);
  end;
end;

// FindSplitPlane
//
function TFGBSPNode.FindSplitPlane(triangleSplitCost: Single = 1;
  triangleImbalanceCost: Single = 0.5): THmgPlane;
var
  i, k, n: Integer;
  ns, np, nn: Integer;
  evalPlane: THmgPlane;
  bestEval, eval: Single;
  vertices: TAffineVectorList;
begin
  Result := NullHmgVector;
  bestEval := 1E30;
  n := VertexIndices.Count;
  vertices := Owner.Owner.vertices;
  if n > 0 then
    for k := 0 to n div 4 do
    begin
      case Mode of
        fgmmTriangles, fgmmFlatTriangles:
          begin
            i := Random((n div 3) - 1) * 3;
            evalPlane := PlaneMake(vertices[VertexIndices[i]],
              vertices[VertexIndices[i + 1]], vertices[VertexIndices[i + 2]]);
          end;
        fgmmTriangleStrip:
          begin
            i := Random(n - 2);
            evalPlane := PlaneMake(vertices[VertexIndices[i]],
              vertices[VertexIndices[i + 1]], vertices[VertexIndices[i + 2]]);
          end;
      else
        // fgmmTriangleFan
        i := Random(n - 2);
        evalPlane := PlaneMake(vertices[VertexIndices[0]],
          vertices[VertexIndices[i]], vertices[VertexIndices[i + 1]]);
      end;
      EvaluateSplitPlane(evalPlane, ns, np, nn);
      eval := ns * triangleSplitCost + Abs(np - nn) * 0.5 *
        triangleImbalanceCost;
      if eval < bestEval then
      begin
        bestEval := eval;
        Result := evalPlane;
      end;
    end;
end;

// EvaluateSplitPlane
//
procedure TFGBSPNode.EvaluateSplitPlane(const splitPlane: THmgPlane;
  var nbTriangleSplit: Integer; var nbPositiveTriangles: Integer;
  var nbNegativeTriangles: Integer);
var
  i, n, inci, lookupIdx: Integer;
  a, b, c: Boolean;
  vertices: TAffineVectorList;
const
  // case resolution lookup tables (node's tris unaccounted for)
  cTriangleSplit: array [0 .. 7] of Integer = (0, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0);
  cPositiveTris: array [0 .. 7] of Integer = (0, 1, 1, 2, 1, 2, 2, 1);
  cNegativeTris: array [0 .. 7] of Integer = (1, 2, 2, 1, 2, 1, 1, 0);
begin
  nbTriangleSplit := 0;
  nbPositiveTriangles := 0;
  nbNegativeTriangles := 0;
  n := VertexIndices.Count;
  if n < 3 then
    Exit;
  vertices := Owner.Owner.vertices;
  case Mode of
    fgmmTriangleStrip, fgmmTriangleFan:
      begin
        n := n - 2;
        inci := 1;
      end;
  else
    inci := 3;
  end;
  i := 0;
  while i < n do
  begin
    case Mode of
      fgmmTriangleFan:
        begin
          a := PlaneEvaluatePoint(splitPlane, vertices[VertexIndices[0]]) > 0;
          b := PlaneEvaluatePoint(splitPlane, vertices[VertexIndices[i]]) > 0;
          c := PlaneEvaluatePoint(splitPlane,
            vertices[VertexIndices[i + 1]]) > 0;
        end;
    else
      // fgmmTriangles, fgmmFlatTriangles, fgmmTriangleStrip
      a := PlaneEvaluatePoint(splitPlane, vertices[VertexIndices[i]]) > 0;
      b := PlaneEvaluatePoint(splitPlane, vertices[VertexIndices[i + 1]]) > 0;
      c := PlaneEvaluatePoint(splitPlane, vertices[VertexIndices[i + 2]]) > 0;
    end;
    lookupIdx := (Integer(a) shl 2) + (Integer(b) shl 1) + Integer(c);
    Inc(nbTriangleSplit, cTriangleSplit[lookupIdx]);
    Inc(nbPositiveTriangles, cPositiveTris[lookupIdx]);
    Inc(nbNegativeTriangles, cNegativeTris[lookupIdx]);
    Inc(i, inci);
  end;
end;

// AddLerp
//
function TFGBSPNode.AddLerp(iA, iB: Integer; fB, fA: Single): Integer;
begin
  with Owner.Owner do
  begin
    with vertices do
      Result := Add(VectorCombine(List^[iA], List^[iB], fA, fB));
    with Normals do
      if Count > 0 then
        Add(VectorCombine(List^[iA], List^[iB], fA, fB));
    with Colors do
      if Count > 0 then
        Add(VectorCombine(List^[iA], List^[iB], fA, fB));
    with TexCoords do
      if Count > 0 then
        Add(VectorCombine(List^[iA], List^[iB], fA, fB));
    with LightMapTexCoords do
      if Count > 0 then
        Add(VectorCombine(List^[iA], List^[iB], fA, fB));
  end;
end;

// AddLerp
//
function TFGBSPNode.AddLerpIfDistinct(iA, iB, iMid: Integer): Integer;
var
  midNormal: TAffineVector;
  midColor: TColorVector;
  midTexCoord: TAffineVector;
  midLightmapTexCoord: TAffineVector;
  f: Single;
  spawn: Boolean;
begin
  with Owner.Owner do
  begin
    with vertices do
      f := VectorDistance(List^[iA], List^[iMid]) / VectorDistance(List^[iA],
        List^[iB]);
    spawn := False;
    with Normals do
      if Count > 0 then
      begin
        midNormal := VectorLerp(List^[iA], List^[iB], f);
        spawn := (VectorSpacing(midNormal, List^[iMid]) > cTJunctionEpsilon);
      end;
    with Colors do
      if Count > 0 then
      begin
        midColor := VectorLerp(List^[iA], List^[iB], f);
        spawn := spawn or (VectorSpacing(midColor, List^[iMid]) >
          cTJunctionEpsilon);
      end;
    with TexCoords do
      if Count > 0 then
      begin
        midTexCoord := VectorLerp(List^[iA], List^[iB], f);
        spawn := spawn or (VectorSpacing(midTexCoord, List^[iMid]) >
          cTJunctionEpsilon);
      end;
    with LightMapTexCoords do
      if Count > 0 then
      begin
        midLightmapTexCoord := VectorLerp(List^[iA], List^[iB], f);
        spawn := spawn or (VectorSpacing(midLightmapTexCoord, List^[iMid]) >
          cTJunctionEpsilon);
      end;
    if spawn then
    begin
      with vertices do
        Result := Add(List^[iMid]);
      with Normals do
        if Count > 0 then
          Add(midNormal);
      with Colors do
        if Count > 0 then
          Add(midColor);
      with TexCoords do
        if Count > 0 then
          Add(midTexCoord);
      with LightMapTexCoords do
        if Count > 0 then
          Add(midLightmapTexCoord);
    end
    else
      Result := iMid;
  end;
end;

// PerformSplit
//
procedure TFGBSPNode.PerformSplit(const splitPlane: THmgPlane;
  const maxTrianglesPerLeaf: Integer = MaxInt);
var
  fgPos, fgNeg: TFGBSPNode;
  fgPosIndices, fgNegIndices: TIntegerList;
  indices: TIntegerList;

  procedure SplitTriangleMid(strayID, strayNext, strayPrev: Integer;
    eNext, ePrev: Single);
  var
    iOpp: Integer;
    invSum: Single;
  begin
    invSum := 1 / (Abs(eNext) + Abs(ePrev));
    iOpp := AddLerp(strayNext, strayPrev, Abs(eNext) * invSum,
      Abs(ePrev) * invSum);
    if eNext > 0 then
    begin
      fgPosIndices.Add(strayID, strayNext, iOpp);
      fgNegIndices.Add(iOpp, strayPrev, strayID);
    end
    else
    begin
      fgNegIndices.Add(strayID, strayNext, iOpp);
      fgPosIndices.Add(iOpp, strayPrev, strayID);
    end;
  end;

  procedure SplitTriangle(strayID, strayNext, strayPrev: Integer;
    eStray, eNext, ePrev: Single);
  var
    iNext, iPrev: Integer;
    invSum: Single;
  begin
    invSum := 1 / (Abs(eNext) + Abs(eStray));
    iNext := AddLerp(strayNext, strayID, Abs(eNext) * invSum,
      Abs(eStray) * invSum);
    invSum := 1 / (Abs(ePrev) + Abs(eStray));
    iPrev := AddLerp(strayPrev, strayID, Abs(ePrev) * invSum,
      Abs(eStray) * invSum);
    if eStray > 0 then
    begin
      fgPos.VertexIndices.Add(strayID, iNext, iPrev);
      fgNeg.VertexIndices.Add(strayNext, strayPrev, iPrev);
      fgNeg.VertexIndices.Add(iPrev, iNext, strayNext);
    end
    else if eStray < 0 then
    begin
      fgNeg.VertexIndices.Add(strayID, iNext, iPrev);
      fgPos.VertexIndices.Add(strayNext, strayPrev, iPrev);
      fgPos.VertexIndices.Add(iPrev, iNext, strayNext);
    end;
  end;

var
  i, i1, i2, i3, se1, se2, se3: Integer;
  e1, e2, e3: Single;
  vertices: TAffineVectorList;
  subSplitPlane: THmgPlane;
begin
  Assert((PositiveSubNodeIndex = 0) and (NegativeSubNodeIndex = 0));
  ConvertToList;
  // prepare sub nodes
  FPositiveSubNodeIndex := Owner.Count;
  fgPos := TFGBSPNode.CreateOwned(Owner);
  fgPosIndices := fgPos.VertexIndices;
  FNegativeSubNodeIndex := Owner.Count;
  fgNeg := TFGBSPNode.CreateOwned(Owner);
  fgNegIndices := fgNeg.VertexIndices;
  // initiate split
  Self.FSplitPlane := splitPlane;
  indices := TIntegerList.Create;
  vertices := Owner.Owner.vertices;
  i := 0;
  while i < VertexIndices.Count do
  begin
    // evaluate all points
    i1 := VertexIndices[i];
    e1 := PlaneEvaluatePoint(splitPlane, vertices.List^[i1]);
    i2 := VertexIndices[i + 1];
    e2 := PlaneEvaluatePoint(splitPlane, vertices.List^[i2]);
    i3 := VertexIndices[i + 2];
    e3 := PlaneEvaluatePoint(splitPlane, vertices.List^[i3]);
    if Abs(e1) < cOwnTriangleEpsilon then
    begin
      e1 := 0;
      se1 := 0;
    end
    else
      se1 := Sign(e1);
    if Abs(e2) < cOwnTriangleEpsilon then
    begin
      e2 := 0;
      se2 := 0;
    end
    else
      se2 := Sign(e2);
    if Abs(e3) < cOwnTriangleEpsilon then
    begin
      e3 := 0;
      se3 := 0;
    end
    else
      se3 := Sign(e3);
    // case disjunction
    case se1 of
      - 1:
        case se2 of
          - 1:
            case se3 of
              - 1, 0:
                fgNegIndices.Add(i1, i2, i3);
              +1:
                SplitTriangle(i3, i1, i2, e3, e1, e2);
            end;
          0:
            case se3 of
              - 1, 0:
                fgNegIndices.Add(i1, i2, i3);
              +1:
                SplitTriangleMid(i2, i3, i1, e3, e1);
            end;
          +1:
            case se3 of
              - 1:
                SplitTriangle(i2, i3, i1, e2, e3, e1);
              0:
                SplitTriangleMid(i3, i1, i2, e1, e2);
              +1:
                SplitTriangle(i1, i2, i3, e1, e2, e3);
            end;
        end;
      0:
        case se2 of
          - 1:
            case se3 of
              - 1, 0:
                fgNegIndices.Add(i1, i2, i3);
              +1:
                SplitTriangleMid(i1, i2, i3, e2, e3);
            end;
          0:
            case se3 of
              - 1:
                fgNegIndices.Add(i1, i2, i3);
              0:
                indices.Add(i1, i2, i3);
              +1:
                fgPosIndices.Add(i1, i2, i3);
            end;
          +1:
            case se3 of
              - 1:
                SplitTriangleMid(i1, i2, i3, e2, e3);
              0, +1:
                fgPosIndices.Add(i1, i2, i3);
            end;
        end;
      +1:
        case se2 of
          - 1:
            case se3 of
              - 1:
                SplitTriangle(i1, i2, i3, e1, e2, e3);
              0:
                SplitTriangleMid(i3, i1, i2, e1, e2);
              +1:
                SplitTriangle(i2, i3, i1, e2, e3, e1);
            end;
          0:
            case se3 of
              - 1:
                SplitTriangleMid(i2, i3, i1, e3, e1);
              0, +1:
                fgPosIndices.Add(i1, i2, i3);
            end;
          +1:
            case se3 of
              - 1:
                SplitTriangle(i3, i1, i2, e3, e1, e2);
              0, +1:
                fgPosIndices.Add(i1, i2, i3);
            end;
        end;
    end;
    Inc(i, 3);
  end;
  VertexIndices := indices;
  indices.Free;
  if fgPos.TriangleCount = 0 then
  begin
    FPositiveSubNodeIndex := 0;
    FNegativeSubNodeIndex := FNegativeSubNodeIndex - 1;
    FreeAndNil(fgPos);
  end;
  if fgNeg.TriangleCount = 0 then
  begin
    FNegativeSubNodeIndex := 0;
    FreeAndNil(fgNeg);
  end;
  if Assigned(fgPos) and (fgPos.TriangleCount > maxTrianglesPerLeaf) then
  begin
    subSplitPlane := fgPos.FindSplitPlane;
    fgPos.PerformSplit(subSplitPlane, maxTrianglesPerLeaf);
  end;
  if Assigned(fgNeg) and (fgNeg.TriangleCount > maxTrianglesPerLeaf) then
  begin
    subSplitPlane := fgNeg.FindSplitPlane;
    fgNeg.PerformSplit(subSplitPlane, maxTrianglesPerLeaf);
  end;
end;

// FixTJunctions
//
procedure TFGBSPNode.FixTJunctions(const tJunctionsCandidates: TIntegerList);

  function FindTJunction(iA, iB, iC: Integer;
    candidatesList: TIntegerList): Integer;
  var
    i, k: Integer;
    vertices: PAffineVectorArray;
    candidate, vA, vB: PAffineVector;
    boxMin, boxMax, vector, invVector: TAffineVector;
    f: TAffineVector;
  begin
    Result := -1;
    vertices := Owner.Owner.vertices.List;
    vA := @vertices[iA];
    vB := @vertices[iB];
    // compute bounding box of the segment
    boxMin := vA^;
    MinVector(boxMin, vB^);
    boxMax := vA^;
    MaxVector(boxMax, vB^);
    // compute extent and its inversion
    vector := VectorSubtract(vB^, vA^);
    for i := 0 to 2 do
      if vector.V[i] <> 0 then
        invVector.V[i] := 1 / vector.V[i]
      else
        invVector.V[i] := 0;
    // lookup all candidates
    for i := 0 to candidatesList.Count - 1 do
    begin
      k := candidatesList.List^[i];
      if (k = iA) or (k = iB) or (k = iC) then
        Continue;
      candidate := @vertices[k];
      if (candidate^.V[0] > boxMin.V[0]) and
         (candidate^.V[1] > boxMin.V[1]) and
         (candidate^.V[2] > boxMin.V[2]) and
         (candidate^.V[0] < boxMax.V[0]) and
         (candidate^.V[1] < boxMax.V[1]) and
         (candidate^.V[2] < boxMax.V[2]) then
      begin
        f := candidate^;
        SubtractVector(f, vA^);
        ScaleVector(f, invVector);
        if (Abs(f.V[0] - f.V[1]) < cTJunctionEpsilon) and
           (Abs(f.V[0] - f.V[2]) < cTJunctionEpsilon) and
           (Abs(f.V[1] - f.V[2]) < cTJunctionEpsilon) then
        begin
          Result := AddLerpIfDistinct(iA, iB, k);
          Break;
        end;
      end;
    end;
  end;

var
  i, tj: Integer;
  indices: PIntegerArray;
  mark: TIntegerList;
begin
  Assert(Mode in [fgmmTriangles, fgmmFlatTriangles]);
  mark := TIntegerList.Create;
  mark.AddSerie(1, 0, VertexIndices.Count);
  indices := VertexIndices.List;
  i := 0;
  while i < VertexIndices.Count do
  begin
    if mark[i] <> 0 then
    begin
      tj := FindTJunction(indices^[i], indices^[i + 1], indices^[i + 2],
        tJunctionsCandidates);
      if tj >= 0 then
      begin
        VertexIndices.Add(tj, VertexIndices[i + 1], VertexIndices[i + 2]);
        mark.Add(1, 1, 0);
        indices := VertexIndices.List;
        indices^[i + 1] := tj;
        mark[i + 1] := 0;
        Continue;
      end;
    end;
    if mark[i + 1] <> 0 then
    begin
      tj := FindTJunction(indices^[i + 1], indices^[i + 2], indices^[i],
        tJunctionsCandidates);
      if tj >= 0 then
      begin
        VertexIndices.Add(tj, VertexIndices[i + 2], VertexIndices[i]);
        mark.Add(1, 1, 0);
        indices := VertexIndices.List;
        indices^[i + 2] := tj;
        mark[i + 2] := 0;
        Continue;
      end;
    end;
    if mark[i + 2] <> 0 then
    begin
      tj := FindTJunction(indices^[i + 2], indices^[i], indices^[i + 1],
        tJunctionsCandidates);
      if tj >= 0 then
      begin
        VertexIndices.Add(tj, VertexIndices[i], VertexIndices[i + 1]);
        mark.Add(1, 1, 0);
        indices := VertexIndices.List;
        indices^[i] := tj;
        mark[i] := 0;
        Continue;
      end;
    end;
    Inc(i, 3);
  end;
  mark.Free;
end;

// ------------------------------------------------------------------
// ------------------------------------------------------------------
// ------------------------------------------------------------------
initialization

// ------------------------------------------------------------------
// ------------------------------------------------------------------
// ------------------------------------------------------------------

// class registrations
RegisterClasses([TBSPMeshObject, TFGBSPNode]);

end.
